Ceuta Migration Crisis and Health-Linked Tensions: Spain says it had no warning about the July 30 surge that saw about 72,000 people reach the enclave, with officials pointing to fast-moving social media rather than any clear prior intelligence—raising concerns for emergency readiness and care for people arriving in mass, chaotic conditions. Border Violence: In the weeks after the crossings, Moroccan suspects were arrested after stoning Spanish soldiers near Benzú, with injuries reported—another reminder that health risks extend beyond the border itself. Disinformation Fueling the Situation: Spanish fact-checkers report a coordinated wave of false or reused images and AI content about Ceuta, amplified through international networks, including Russia-linked channels—an information threat that can worsen panic and delay help. Spain’s View on Morocco’s Role: Madrid has ruled out Morocco organizing the crossings, citing possible foreign interference online and noting cooperation between Spanish and Moroccan authorities during the episode. Western Sahara Political Capacity: A commentary argues the Polisario is struggling with generational change and limited new ideas, with humanitarian and social work in Spain taking a larger role than political momentum. Trade and Regional Pressure: New data shows Spain-Morocco trade hit about €22.757 billion in 2025, underscoring how migration and security disputes sit alongside major economic ties.